Presenting visual and performance art in unexpected public spaces.

Sheryl Oring: Changing the World with Typewriters

By John Critelli

Photo by Dhanraj Emanuel

Sheryl Oring tries to change the world.  She does this by sparking discussions about everything from education, to 9/11, to presidential politics.

And she does it all with retro-cool style.

For example, her project I Wish to Say invited people to dictate postcards to the president.  Then Sheryl, dressed in 1960s office attire, transcribed their messages using an old-fashioned typewriter.

Photo by Dhanraj Emanuel

She’s no stranger to hard-hitting issues.  A former writer, reporter, and editor, her resume lists prestigious newspapers like The San Francisco Chronicle and The New York Times.

But her artistic career is just as strong.  In fact, she’s currently working on plans for a performance to be presented in Charlotte, N.C., during this year’s Democratic National Convention.

Sheryl will be in Russia this September as part of AiOP’s St. Petersburg festival – the first in AiOP history.  The festival will be a collaboration between AiOP and CEC ArtsLink, an international art organization.

Read below for our abridged interview with Sheryl, where she discusses her St. Petersburg project, I Wish to Say, and more:

AiOP: What do you have planned for the St. Petersburg AiOP festival?

Oring: I’m planning a project called “Role Model” in which I pose the question: “What can Russia teach the world?” and collect answers from the public.

I’m seeing this as the first in a series of related works that would be done in Brazil, Russia, India and China (often referred to collectively as the acronym BRIC). It’s a way of looking at ways of building alternate societies and of examining public opinion in these growing economies.

AiOP: Tell us about your life before I Wish to Say.

Oring: From 1997-2003, I was living in Berlin. This experience was formative in many ways. Berlin is a very free and open place, which encourages experimentation in the arts.

When I moved to Berlin, I thought I wanted to write. But I was also trying to learn German and it seemed strange to write in English while living in Germany.

Two years after I moved there, I made my first large-scale public art installation, “Writer’s Block.”

I collected hundreds of antique typewriters and “caged” them with construction steel as a tribute to the writers whose books were burned in Nazi Germany.

This was first shown on Bebelplatz, site of the book burning in Berlin, and later traveled to Budapest, Boston and New York. It was a huge undertaking, and challenging in many ways. But I often work best when there is some kind of impediment to overcome and in this case there were many.

AiOP: What drove you to be an artist?

Oring: In some ways, the same things that drove me to become a journalist, which is my first profession. I wanted to change the world. I wanted to find ways to express myself. And I wanted to raise questions that might ultimately make an impact on society.

AiOP: What’s your typical day like?

Oring: I’m not sure there is a typical day, which is part of why I love what I do. Every day is different.

I will say though, for someone who works with typewriters, I spend way too much time at my computer.

I’m typically juggling several projects along with the responsibilities that come with a full-time academic job and being a parent.

I often work with teams of people on my projects, so I may spend part of the day discussing ideas with a graphic designer, architect, photographer or videographer and then spend some time doing various forms of creative research for the project at hand.

AiOP: What are some of the most memorable reactions people have had to your work?

Oring: During the 2004 Republican National Convention, I was doing my “I Wish to Say” performance at various locations in New York.

For this work, I dress in ‘60s office attire and set up a public office, complete with a manual typewriter, then ask people to dictate postcards to the President. When I did this on 8th Avenue, near the site of the convention, people thought I was a Republican.

When I did it uptown or downtown, people thought I was a protester. I love how people took their own views and projected them on me, how the work engaged a broad spectrum of the public.

A postcard from Oring’s I Wish to Say project

AiOP: Why do you think using typewriters makes it easier for people to open up to you?

Oring: I think that the entire set up, from the typewriters themselves to the ‘60s costumes, takes people by surprise and provokes curiosity.

This curiosity manifests itself in a certain openness. It is a very different dynamic than if I were a journalist holding a microphone. Strangers often approach me, not vice versa.

AiOP: Do you ever miss working as a journalist?

Oring: Yes. I especially miss working with a team of talented people on extremely tight deadlines to put out a daily newspaper.

AiOP: Is there anything else you’d like us to know about you?

Oring: My junior high art teacher was also my typing teacher. I got bad grades in art because I couldn’t draw a realistic picture of a horse. But I whizzed the typing class!

 

Note: An update about Sheryl’s new project in San Diego is coming soon!

 

Scott Draves: Making Computers Conscious

by John Critelli

Can machines have souls?

Scott Draves thinks they can.

“Computers and robots started out as literally mechanical,” he says, “but as they develop, they are getting more subtle and more magical.”

“Magical” certainly describes Drave’s project Electric Sheep.

Find this sheep

Electric Sheep is, at first glance, just a screen saver. But it may be the first step in bridging the gap between humans and machines. Draves says the project’s goal is to create an electronic life form that lives on a computer network.

But he needs help from thousands of fans.

Electric Sheep is not a self-contained system,” he says. “It has porous borders, and what leaks into the machine and tweaks the algorithm is human.”

Users create vibrant animations, called “sheep,” which are uploaded to the Electric Sheep server. Those sheep become part of the screen saver, and other users vote for their favorites. Popular sheep get to “breed” with each other, creating all-new, computer-generated animations.

Image source

Draves sees this as a combination of evolution and intelligent design. He calls the process “creative amplification,” and hopes this amplification will continue until Electric Sheep reaches a “supercritical” stage.

At that point, the program will understand what people like well enough to create beautiful sheep on its own – without the voting process.

“That’s a milestone of the path from inanimate to alive,” Draves says.

Find this sheep

Computers with souls

And he believes that once computers are alive, they can have souls. Not in the religious sense, but in the sense that they can achieve consciousness and self-awareness. In fact, he thinks computer consciousness is inevitable.

“For me it’s an issue of ‘when’ and ‘how’ more than ‘if,'” he says.

Draves tackles the “how” part with Electric Sheep.

“Some configurations of matter are more inviting to ‘soul,'” he says.

In this case, the configuration he refers to is Electric Sheep‘s “distributed computing” system. It uses processing power from over 450,000 computers, most of which belong to ordinary people who just decided to install the screensaver. Each computer renders a small part of the animations, collectively producing something that would be almost impossible with a single machine.

Find this sheep

The Flame algorithm

The animations are rendered with Draves’ Flame algorithm, which he developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. He made the most progress in 1991, during an internship in Tokyo, Japan. He says the internship gave him “access to a graphics supercomputer and lots of free time.”

Find this sheep

But he still didn’t consider himself an artist, partly because digital art wasn’t popular at the time. Instead, he saw the Flame algorithm as a reaction against the computer graphics industry, which he says “was about realism and storytelling.”

Conversely, “Flame was about abstraction and emergence,” he says.

Find this sheep

The algorithm creates patterns called fractals – shapes that contain many smaller versions of themselves. However, Draves doesn’t see himself as a fractal artist. He prefers to be called a visual and software artist.

“Most people who consider themselves ‘fractal artists’ are just turning a few knobs on software they’ve downloaded, so it’s not that creative or meaningful,” he says. On the other hand, he adds, “my work with Flame and Electric Sheep has a philosophy. They are engaged in conversation with our culture at large.”

Find this sheep

Life outside of Electric Sheep and the Flame algorithm

Draves had what he calls a “pretty normal” childhood in the suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

“I was into math as a kid and discovered computers in 1978, taught myself to program, and have been obsessed ever since,” he says.

He graduated from Brown University in 1990 with a Bachelor of Science in Math, then went on to get a PhD from Carnegie Mellon University School of Computer Science. In 1997, he moved to the San Francisco Bay Area, where he worked for a series of tech startups, including DreamWorks Studios.

Find this sheep

But he continued to work on his art, and moved to New York City in 2005 to pursue it full time.

“That was going great until the financial crisis hit,” he says. “I wanted a family, so I decided to get a day job again.” Now he works for Google, ensuring the quality of Google Maps. And he has the family he always dreamed of.

“I am married to a brilliant and beautiful woman and we have three young children,” Draves says. “I get up at about 6:30 with the baby, get my older son to school at 8:00, then bike to work on the Hudson. I work for the man until 6:00, then go home and help get the kids to bed.”

This routine doesn’t leave much time for art.

“I get about 3 hours of work on my art before bed at midnight,” he says. “Weekends are when I can sometimes get a real block of time and accomplish something.”

Find this sheep

Download Electric Sheep and read our interview

But Draves gets a lot done, even with limited time. He recently worked with several programmers to develop a mobile version of Electric Sheep for Android Phones.

“We use the Live Wallpaper feature so it runs behind the icons on your home screen,” he says. “We developed some special tech so it plays smoothly without effecting your battery.”

He’s also working on a mobile game version for the iPad, which should be out this summer.

Click here to download the Android version of Electric Sheep, or click here to download the screen saver. Finally, read below for our full, unabridged interview with Draves.

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